Coupler Assembly With Guided Ball Clamp

ABSTRACT

A coupler assembly for coupling a trailer to a towing vehicle hitch ball has a housing with an interior that defines a coupler socket adapted to receive a hitch ball. A ball clamp is disposed within the interior of the coupler housing and is movable toward and away from the coupler socket. The ball clamp has a clamping portion that retains the hitch ball within the coupler socket with the ball clamp positioned toward the coupler socket in a hitch ball retention position. A guide ramp is disposed within the coupler housing rearward of the coupler socket. The guide ramp projects toward the ball clamp and slopes upward and forward toward the coupler socket. A lateral guide member is disposed on the ball clamp rearward of the guide ramp. The lateral guide member cooperates with the guide ramp surface to limit forward movement of the ball clamp into the coupler socket.

BACKGROUND

This invention relates to couplers. More particularly, it relates to acoupler assembly for coupling a trailer to a towing vehicle hitch ballwherein the coupler assembly has a guided ball clamp to facilitateproper coupling of the towing vehicle and the hitch ball.

Trailer couplers are known. Typically, trailer couplers consist of aconformally-shaped socket that is close-fitting around a spherical hitchball. The coupler also has securing means by which separation of thecoupler and hitch ball is blocked.

In certain coupler types, the primary component of this coupler securingmeans is called the ball shoe or ball clamp. When the hitch ball andcoupler are in proper engagement, the ball clamp resides behind thehitch ball and prevents disengagement of the hitch ball from thecoupler.

A problem that sometimes occurs when a coupler is placed over a hitchball is that the hitch ball does not properly enter into the socketportion of the coupler, the coupler is lowered over the hitch ball insuch relationship that the hitch ball strikes the ball clamp from belowand jams the ball clamp upward into the coupler where it is not inproper relationship with the hitch ball to prevent separation of thehitch ball and coupler.

There is a need, therefore, for a coupler that addresses the foregoingproblem. It is an object of the present invention to provide such anapparatus.

Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth inthe description that follows, and in part will be apparent from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectsand advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means ofthe instrumentalities and combinations pointed out in the appendedclaims.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To achieve the foregoing objects, and in accordance with the purposes ofthe invention as embodied and broadly described in this document, thereis provided a coupler assembly for coupling a trailer to a towingvehicle hitch ball. The coupler assembly includes a coupler housing withan interior that defines a coupler socket adapted to receive a hitchball. The coupler socket includes a bottom socket opening adapted toallow the insertion of the hitch ball into the coupler socket. Thesocket opening has a partially circumferential retaining rib. A ballclamp is disposed within the interior of the coupler housing and ismovable toward and away from the coupler socket. The ball clamp has aclamping portion that cooperates with the socket opening retaining ribto retain the hitch ball within the coupler socket when the ball clampis positioned toward the coupler socket into a hitch ball retentionposition. A guide ramp is disposed within the coupler housing rearwardof the coupler socket. The guide ramp projects toward the ball clamp andslopes upward and forward toward the coupler socket. A lateral guidemember is disposed on the ball clamp rearward of the guide ramp. Thelateral guide member cooperates with the guide ramp surface to limitforward movement of the ball clamp into the coupler socket.

According to one aspect of the invention, the lateral guide memberincludes a wing on the side of the ball clamp that defines aforward-facing guide surface sloped generally upward and forward towardthe coupler socket. The wing on the side of the ball clamp also candefine a rearward-facing guide surface sloped generally upward andforward toward the coupler socket. A rear guide ramp is disposed withinthe coupler housing rearward of the ball clamp rearward-facing guidesurface. The coupler housing rear guide ramp slopes upward and forwardtoward the coupler socket and cooperates with the ball clamprearward-facing guide surface to urge the ball clamp forward toward thecoupler socket when the ball clamp is moved upward within the couplerhousing.

In this configuration, the guide ramp restricts unwanted movement of theball clamp toward the coupler socket as the ball clamp is moved upwardinto the hitch ball retention position. If the hitch ball contacts theball clamp from below as the trailer coupler is lowered over the hitchball, the guide ramp and ball clamp guide member cooperate to restrictthe ball clamp from moving forward, thereby assuring a sufficientlylarge opening for entry of the hitch ball into the coupler socket. Thisreduces the possibility that the hitch ball will jam the ball clampforward and prevent the hitch ball from fully entering into the couplersocket.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of the specification, illustrate the presently preferredembodiments of the invention and, together with the general descriptiongiven above and the detailed description of the preferred methods andembodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of theinvention.

FIG. 1A is a side sectional view of a prior ball clamp trailer couplershowing the hitch ball secured within the coupler socket with the ballclamp positioned in contact with the hitch ball in a retention position.

FIG. 1B is a side sectional view of the coupler of FIG. 1A showing thehitch ball within the coupler socket with the ball clamp positioned awayfrom the hitch ball in a release position.

FIG. 1C is a side sectional view of the coupler of FIG. 1A, showing theball clamp jammed into the socket by the hitch ball, resulting in theinsecure engagement of the ball and socket.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of a coupler assembly in accordance withone embodiment of the present invention, showing the ball clamp in aretention position securing the hitch ball within the coupler socket.

FIG. 3 is a top perspective view of the ball clamp of the couplerassembly of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a bottom perspective view of the coupler housing of thecoupler assembly of FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a bottom plan view of the coupler assembly of FIG. 2, showingthe relationship of the ball clamp and the guide ramps in the couplerhousing.

FIG. 6 is a bottom perspective view of the coupler assembly of FIG. 2,showing the ball clamp positioned in the release position.

DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in more detail to presently preferredembodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. While the invention is described more fully with reference tothese examples and drawings, the invention in its broader aspects is notlimited to the specific details, representative devices, andillustrative examples shown and described. Rather, the description whichfollows is to be understood as a broad, leaching disclosure directed topersons of ordinary skill in the appropriate arts, and not as limitingupon the invention.

For purposes of explanation, and to further assist in the understandingof this invention, a brief description of the operation of a standardpreviously-known ball and socket coupler mechanism follows. Referring toFIGS. 1A-B, a standard coupler assembly 10 is shown, which includes acoupler 20 and hitch ball 22. The hitch ball 22 is commonly affixed tothe rear end of a tow vehicle, such as a truck or sport utility vehicle,utilizing a standard mounting device that can support the tongue weightof the vehicle to be towed. Similarly, the coupler 20 is affixed, bycommonly known techniques, e.g. welding, bolting, etc., to the frame ofthe vehicle that is to be lowed, e.g. a trailer, thus forming anintegrated frame unit. The coupler 20 has a housing 34 with aball-shaped socket 24 for receiving the hitch ball 22 when the traileris hitched to the tow vehicle. In operation the trailer coupler socket24 is lowered onto the hitch ball 22, from an elevated height relativeto the hitch ball 22, such that the socket 24 engulfs the hitch ball 22.

Still referring to FIGS. 1A-B, the ball and socket coupler assembly 10further includes a user rotatable handwheel 26. The handwheel 26 isrotatably mounted upon a threaded member 29 such that rotation of thehandwheel 26 draws or urges the threaded member 29 and a ball clamp 25depending from the member 29 either toward or away from the hitch ball22. The ball clamp 25 has a forward-facing curved surface 32 thatconforms to the curved surface of the hitch ball 22 and arearward-facing guide surface 33 sloped generally upward and forwardtoward the coupler socket 24.

The coupler housing 34 includes a rear wall 28 opposite the couplersocket 24 and sloped generally upward and toward the coupler socket 24.The sloped rear wall 28 urges the ball clamp 25 forward toward thecoupler socket 24 when the ball clamp 25 is moved upward within thecoupler housing 34. Upon rotation of the handwheel 26 in the appropriatedirection (usually clockwise), the ball clamp 25 is drawn upward andtoward the hitch ball 22, thereby decreasing the effective openingdimension of the socket 24 until the ball clamp 25 contacts the hitchball 22 and secures it within the coupler socket 24. In this retentionposition, as shown in FIG. 1A, the ball clamp 25 cooperates with thesocket 24 to prevent removal of the hitch ball 22 from the socket 24.Similarly, upon rotation of the handwheel 26 in the opposite direction(typically counterclockwise), the ball clamp 25 is moved downward andaway from the hitch ball 22 to a release position, shown in FIG. 1B,which allows the hitch ball 22 to be released from the socket 24.

As shown in FIGS. 1A-B, a spring loaded retaining tab 30 is usuallyprovided in ball and socket hitches in order to maintain the ball clamp25 in the retention position. The lab 30 has a projection 31 thatengages recesses 27 formed in the periphery of the handwheel 26. The tab30 exerts a biasing force against one of the wheel recesses 27 tomaintain the tab 30 in engagement with the handwheel 26. When engaged,the tab 30 prevents rotation of the handwheel 26, such rotation beingpermitted only when the projection 31 of tab 30 is pivoted away from therecess 27 in the handwheel periphery.

During the rotation of the handwheel 26, the retaining tab 30 iscontinually depressed by the operator. The depression of the tab 30disengages the tab projection 31 from the recesses 27 formed in theperiphery of the handwheel 26. Upon positioning the handwheel 26 suchthat the coupler assembly 10 is in a coupled condition, the operatorreleases the tab 30 so that it engages one of the recesses 27 formed inthe lower periphery of the handwheel 26, thus securing the handwheel 26.Minor additional rotation of the handwheel 26 may be required toproperly align the tab 30 in one of the recesses 27. Proper alignment ofthe tab 30 in one of the recesses 27 helps prevent the handwheel 26 frombecoming inadvertently loosened by vibrations, or other unexpectedforces.

In the operation of the previously-known coupler illustrated in FIG. 1A,the coupler 10 is first aligned over the hitch ball 22 with the ballclamp 25 in the release position, as shown in FIG. 1B. The trailer isthen lowered so that the socket cavity 24 engulfs the hitch ball 22.After the hitch ball 22 is positioned in the socket cavity 24, thehandwheel 26 is then rotated to move the ball clamp 25 into theretention position shown in FIG. 1A. In this position, the ball clamp 25reduces the effective opening of the coupler socket 24 so that the hitchball 22 can no longer be readily retracted from the coupler socket 24and the coupler assembly 10 is securely coupled.

With the previously-known coupler assembly 10, during installation ofthe hitch ball 22 into the coupler socket 24, the hitch ball 22 canstrike the ball clamp 25 from below and jam the ball clamp 25 upwardinto the coupler socket 24 and into an insecure relationship with thehitch ball 22, as shown in FIG. 1C. This can result in unwantedseparation of the hitch ball 22 from the coupler socket 24.

Having described the operational characteristics of a typical ball andsocket coupler mechanism, the features of an improved coupler assemblyaccording to the present invention will now be described. In accordancewith the present invention, the ball clamp 25 cooperates with a guideramp 36 within the coupler housing 34 so that movement of the ball clamp25 is restricted to a path that assures a sufficiently large opening forentry of the hitch ball 22 into the coupler socket 24. This lessens thepossibility, during installation of the hitch ball 22 into the couplersocket 24, that the hitch ball 22 will strike the ball clamp 25 frombelow and jam the ball clamp 25 upward into the coupler socket 24 asdescribed above.

FIGS. 2-6 depict various aspects of a coupler assembly 10 in accordancewith a presently preferred embodiment of the invention. The interior ofthe coupler housing 34 includes guide ramps 36 (see, e.g, FIG. 4). Asdescribed below in more detail, the guide ramps 36 engage the ball clamp25 and limit forward movement of the ball clamp 25 toward the couplersocket 24.

As shown in FIGS. 5-6, the guide ramps 36 are disposed within thecoupler housing 34 rearward of the coupler socket 24 and projectingtoward the sides of the ball clamp 25. The guide ramps 36 slope upwardand forward toward the coupler socket 24. As shown in FIG. 4, the guideramps 36 are formed by projections 37 disposed on the interior walls ofthe coupler housing 34 that form a rearward-facing ramp surface. Lateralguide members 38 are provided, one on each of the opposite sides of theball clamp 25. Each of the guide members 38 projects outwardly from theball clamp 25 and engages one of the guide ramps 36. In one preferredembodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the lateral, guide members 38 are formedas wings on the sides of the ball clamp 25 that define forward-facingguide surfaces 39, which slope generally upward and forward toward thecoupler socket 24 when the ball clamp is assembled with the couplerhousing 34 (sec FIGS. 5 and 6).

In the operation, the guide ramps 36 restrict the forward movement ofthe guide members 38 and thereby restrict unwanted movement of the ballclamp 25 toward the coupler socket 24. If the hitch ball 22 contacts theball clamp 25 from below as the trailer coupler 10 is lowered over thehitch ball 22 (e.g., as shown in FIG. 1C), the guide ramps 36 and ballclamp guide members 38 cooperate to restrict the ball clamp 25 frommoving forward, thereby assuring a sufficiently large opening for entryof the hitch ball 22 into the coupler socket 24. This reduces thepossibility that the hitch ball 22 will jam the ball clamp 25 forwardand prevent the hitch ball 22 from fully entering into the couplersocket 24. The trailer then can be lowered such that the socket cavity24 engulfs the hitch ball 22 therein (e.g., as shown in FIG. 1B).

After the hitch ball 22 is positioned in the socket cavity 24, thehandwheel 26 is then rotated, as previously described, thereby drawingthe ball clamp 25 upward. As this occurs, the angular orientation of theguide ramps 36 allows the ball clamp 25 to move forward toward the hitchball 22 until the ball clamp 25 reaches the retention position shown inFIG. 1A. In this position, the ball clamp 25 reduces the effectiveopening of the coupler socket 24 and contacts the hitch ball 22 so thatit cannot be readily retracted from the coupler socket 24. The operatorthen aligns the tab 30 in one of the recesses 27 and releases the lab 30to secure the handwheel 26 as previously described.

Upon reading this disclosure, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat various changes and modifications may be made to the preferredembodiments of the invention and that such changes and modifications maybe made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore,the invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specificdetails, representative devices, and illustrative examples shown anddescribed. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details withoutdeparting from the spirit or scope of the general inventive concept.

1. A coupler assembly for coupling a trailer to a towing vehicle hitchball, the coupler assembly comprising: a coupler housing having aninterior that defines a coupler socket adapted to receive a hitch ball,wherein the coupler socket includes a bottom socket opening that allowsthe insertion of the hitch ball into the coupler socket and that has apartially circumferential retaining rib; a ball clamp movably coupled tothe coupler housing and movable within the housing toward and away fromthe coupler socket, wherein the ball clamp has a clamping portion thatcooperates with the socket opening retaining rib to retain the hitchball within the coupler socket when the ball clamp is positioned towardthe coupler socket in a hitch ball retention position; a guide rampdisposed within the coupler housing rearward of the coupler socket andprojecting toward the ball clamp, wherein the guide ramp slopes upwardand forward toward the coupler socket; and a lateral guide memberdisposed on the ball clamp rearward of the guide ramp, wherein the ballclamp lateral guide member cooperates with the guide ramp surface tolimit forward movement of the ball clamp toward the coupler socket. 2.The coupler assembly of claim 1 wherein: the coupler housing includes arear wall opposite the coupler socket and sloped generally upward andtoward the coupler socket; and the sloped rear wall urges the ball clampforward toward the coupler socket when the ball clamp is moved upwardwithin the coupler housing.
 3. The coupler assembly of claim 1 whereinthe lateral guide member comprises a wing on the side of the ball clampthat defines a forward-facing guide surface sloped generally upward andforward toward the coupler socket.
 4. The coupler assembly of claim 3wherein: the wing on the side of the ball clamp also defines arearward-facing guide surface sloped generally upward and forward towardthe coupler socket; and a rear guide ramp is disposed within the couplerhousing rearward of the ball clamp rearward-facing guide surface,wherein the rear guide ramp slopes upward and forward toward the couplersocket and the coupler housing rear guide ramp cooperates with the ballclamp rearward-facing guide surface to urge the ball clamp forwardtoward the coupler socket when the ball clamp is moved upward within thecoupler housing.
 5. The coupler assembly of claim 1 wherein: the ballclamp defines a rearward-facing guide surface sloped generally upwardand forward toward the coupler socket; and a rear guide ramp is disposedwithin the coupler housing rearward of the ball clamp rearward-facingguide surface; wherein the rear guide ramp slopes upward and forwardtoward the coupler socket and the coupler housing rear guide rampcooperates with the ball clamp rearward-facing guide surface to urge theball clamp forward toward the coupler socket when the ball clamp ismoved upward within the coupler housing.
 6. The coupler assembly ofclaim 1 wherein the ball clamp is coupled to the coupler housing with athreaded member that is actuatable to move the ball clamp within thecoupler housing toward and away from the coupler socket.
 7. The couplerassembly of claim 4 further comprising a rotatable hand wheel engaged tothe threaded member outside the coupler housing.
 8. A coupler assemblyfor coupling a trailer to a towing vehicle hitch ball, the couplerassembly comprising: a coupler housing having an interior that defines acoupler socket adapted to receive a hitch ball, wherein the couplersocket includes a bottom socket opening adapted to allow the insertionof the hitch ball into the coupler socket and having a partiallycircumferential retaining rib; a ball clamp movably coupled to thecoupler housing and movable within the housing toward and away from thecoupler socket, wherein the ball clamp has a clamping portion adapted tocooperate with the socket opening retaining rib to retain the hitch ballwithin the coupler socket when the ball clamp is positioned toward thecoupler socket in a hitch ball retention position; a first guide rampdisposed within the coupler housing rearward of the coupler socket andprojecting toward the ball clamp, wherein the first guide ramp slopesupward and forward toward the coupler socket; a first lateral guidemember disposed on the ball clamp rearward of the first guide ramp,wherein the ball clamp first lateral guide member cooperates with thefirst guide ramp to limit forward movement of the ball clamp toward thecoupler socket; a second guide ramp disposed within the coupler housingrearward of the coupler socket in opposing relationship to the firstguide ramp and projecting toward the ball clamp, wherein the secondguide ramp slopes upward and forward toward the coupler socket; and asecond lateral guide member disposed on the ball clamp rearward of thesecond guide ramp, wherein the ball clamp second lateral guide membercooperates with the second guide ramp to limit forward movement of theball clamp toward the coupler socket.
 9. The coupler assembly of claim 8wherein: the coupler housing includes a rear wall opposite the couplersocket and sloped generally upward and toward the coupler socket; andthe rear sloped wall urges the ball clamp forward toward the couplersocket when the ball clamp is moved upward within the coupler housing.10. The coupler assembly of claim 8 wherein each of the lateral guidemembers comprises a wing on a side of the ball clamp that defines aforward-facing guide surface sloped generally upward and forward towardthe coupler socket.
 11. The coupler assembly of claim 10 wherein: eachof the wings on the sides of the ball clamp also defines arearward-facing guide surface sloped generally upward and forward towardthe coupler socket; and a rear guide ramp is disposed within the couplerhousing rearward of the ball clamp rearward-facing guide surface,wherein the rear guide ramp slopes upward and forward toward the couplersocket and the coupler housing rear guide ramp cooperates with the ballclamp rearward-facing guide surface to urge the ball clamp forwardtoward the coupler socket when the ball clamp is moved upward within thecoupler housing.
 12. The coupler assembly of claim 8 wherein: the ballclamp defines a rearward-facing guide surface sloped generally upwardand forward toward the coupler socket; and a rear guide ramp is disposedwithin the coupler housing rearward of the ball clamp rearward-facingguide surface; wherein the rear guide ramp slopes upward and forwardtoward the coupler socket and cooperates with the ball clamprearward-facing guide surface to urge the ball clamp forward toward thecoupler socket when the ball clamp is moved upward within the couplerhousing.
 13. The coupler assembly of claim 8 wherein the ball clamp iscoupled to the coupler housing with a threaded member that is actuatableto move the ball clamp within the coupler housing toward and away fromthe coupler socket.
 14. The coupler assembly of claim 13 furthercomprising a rotatable hand wheel engaged to the threaded member outsidethe coupler housing.